Se preguntamos a qualquer turista extrangeiro que acaba de chegar a Moscou o qué é que ele gostaría ver alem da Praça Vermelha, na maioria dos casos ouviríamos a resposta : “O Mausoléu”.
Quase todas as pessoas que decideram visitar o Kremlin de Moscou veríam este predio oculto.
A história do Mausoléu é a seguinte:
Vladimir Ilyích Ulianov-Lenin moreu o 21 de Janeiro do ano 1924 duma doença longa. A versão oficial da morte é a aterosclerose e como resultado a hemorragia cerebral. Porém não todos os médicos concordam com este diagnóstico e até agora os cientistas destacam varias versões da causa aunténtica da morte de Lenin. Nos tres dias antes do funeral de Lenin na Praça Vermelha foi construido um predio especial de madeira: uma pirâmide parecida aos zigurates antigos – as construções ocultas de Babilônia antiga. A pirâmide tinha a forma de degraus e foi planejada assim para deixar passar a muita gente por dentro que baixaram ao panteão. A sala foi revestida pelo material da cor preta e vermelha. «Ofrecí uma inscripção muito simples no Mausoléu – so uma palavra que está cheia dum sentido muito profundo e inquietante para qualquer trabalhador do mundo. Esta palavra é Lenin”. – escrevía em suas notas o arquiteto Shúsev. Nos tempos soviéticos os tours a Russia estavam relacionados com o comunismo e o chefe do proletariado. O primeiro Mausoléu construido rápido existiu alguns meses. Na primaveira do ano 1924 a Shúsev lhe ordenaram dar ao predio as formas mais acabadas. Assim o Mausoléu foi convertido num monumento piramidal e na tribuna ao mesmo tempo. O segundo projeto do predio era de madeira tambêm coberta com laca. Arredor da construção apareceu a cerca e foram plantadas as flores. Neste Mausoléu o corpo de Lenin esteve durante cinco anos.
Quando o Mausoléu de madeira foi posto no mau estado, foi decidido construir outro novo de pedra. Como este lugar ja virou num lugar sagrado, foi resolvido deixar a mesma arquitetura trocando so o material. Para a construção foi trazida a melhor pedra das repúblicas aliadas: vermelha, cinzenta e a labradorite preta, o pórfido vermelho de Carélia e diferentes especies de granito. O caixão foi feito de vidro e foi colocado dentro do sarcófago especial de vidro. Embaixo do caixão se encontra uma baldosa de labradorite de peso de 20 toneladas. A inscipção “Lenin” na fachada do Mausoléu está feita do quarcito vermelho. O comprimento do Mausoléu são 24 metros, a altura-12 metros.
O corpo de Lenin é embalsamado desde o ano 1924 segundo o método único dos cientistas soviéticos V.P.Vorobiov e B.I.Sbarskiy. Pela conservação da mómia estão responsaveis os colaboradores do instituto especial e a conservação do cerebro se encontra na competência do Instituto de Cerebro.
Duas vezes na semana 12 cientistas analizam o corpo e uma vez ao ano e meio submergem a mómia numa banheira com um líquido especial. As mudanças são analisadas nos aparatos especiais.
Quando em 1953 moreu J.V.Stalin seu corpo foi embalsamado tambêm e colocado ao Mausoléu ao lado do corpo de Lenin. Mais a mómia esteve la so alguns anos: depois da crítica da política de Stalin, o corpo foi enterrado ao lado da muralha do Kremlin.
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